Who Is Considered the Unofficial Leader of the Pop Art Movement?
Art Movement: Popular Art
"The Pop artists did images that everyone walking down Broadway could recognize in a dissever second – comics, picnic tables, men's trousers, celebrities, shower curtains, refrigerators, Coke bottles – all the great modern things that the Abstract Expressionists tried so hard non to detect at all."
Andy Warhol
Pop Fine art definition: what is Pop Art?
The first definition of Pop Art was provided by British curator Lawrence Alloway, who invented the term 'Popular Fine art' in 1955 to describe a new class of art characterised by the imagery of consumerism, new media, and mass reproduction; in one word: popular culture. Through bold, simple, everyday imagery, and vibrant cake colours, Pop Art was ane of the kickoff art movements to narrow the divide between commercial and fine arts.
Pop Art artists took inspiration from advertising, pulp magazines, billboards, movies, television receiver, comic strips, and store windows for their humorous, witty and ironic works, which both can be seen equally a celebration and a critique of popular culture. But how did Pop Art sally, who were the primal players, and what were their artistic aims?
Central dates:1955-1965
Fundamental regions: United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland and The states
Cardinal words:Popular culture, mass media, consumerism
Primal artists:Andy Warhol, Roy Lochtenstein, Robert Rauschenberg, Claes Oldenburg, Richard Hamilton, David Hockney
Origins of Popular Fine art
Although generally associated with the United States, Pop Fine art institute an early vocalization in Britain as a critical and ironic reflection on the post-War consumer culture of the late 1950s.
In 1952 United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, in fact, a group of artists, writers, and critics which would come to exist known every bit 'Independent Group' – or only 'IG' – began to meet regularly, driven by a common perception of a gap between the art and life of the time to hash out new theories and methods to incorporate in the creative practice those aspects of visual civilisation that weren't traditionally function of information technology but that had inevitably get elements of the everyday life, from product packaging to cinema celebrities.
The grouping'south commonage exhibition This Is Tomorrow, held at the Whitechapel Gallery in London in 1956, served equally the key starting point for Pop Art, providing an unprecedented instance of integration betwixt art and modern life.
Parallel of Life and Art
Overseas, in those same years Pop Fine art emerged as a reaction against the ascendant artistic move, Abstract Expressionism. Buckling the idea that art is the individual expression of an creative person's genius, Pop Art immune artists to reintroduce fragments of reality into art through images and combinations of everyday objects.
Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg were amongst the get-go artists in America to capture the power of the ordinary, kicking-starting the movement. The former explored the boundaries between fine art and the everyday world literally incorporating commonplace objects into painted sheet surfaces; the latter represented what he defined as "things the listen already knows", a pick of recurring concepts and popular imagery.
Key ideas behind Pop Art
It was English language Popular Artist Richard Hamilton who, in 1957, listed the characteristics of Popular Art, "Pop Fine art is: Pop (designed for a mass audience), Transient (short-term solution), Expendable (easily forgotten), Depression price, Mass produced, Young (aimed at youth), Witty, Sexy, Gimmicky, Glamorous, Big concern."
Pop Art, fabricated of the aesthetic of the banal his signature, mirroring the times of mass-product and quick, banal amusement, while also investigating the commodification of fame. Everyday objects like Campbell's soup cans and pop culture celebrities like Marilyn Monroe were transformed into fine art and became icons of the move.
The elements of multiplicity and reproduction – typical of mass-production civilisation – also reflected in artistic media and processes: while acrylic paints allowed artists to create vivid, apartment surfaces, the screen-printing technique produced boldly coloured images as repeated patterns subverting the idea of painting equally a medium of originality.
British Pop Fine art v.due south. American Pop Fine art
Although British Popular Art was greatly inspired by American pop culture, it was a rather playful and ironic exploration of what American pop imagery represented and how it manipulated people'south lives and lifestyles.
To American artists, on the other hand, Popular Art meant a render to representation: hard edges, clear forms and recognisable subject thing now reigned, contrasting with the loose brainchild and symbolism of the Abstract Expressionists.
Heavily influenced past commercial art practice, these artists were taking inspiration from what they saw and experienced directly. Not surprisingly, many had started their careers in commercial art. Andy Warhol was a magazine illustrator and graphic designer, Ed Ruscha was a graphic designer, and James Rosenquist started out as a billboard painter. Their backgrounds provided them with an splendid visual vocabulary of mass culture as well as the technical skills to jump effortlessly betwixt high art and pop culture and to merge the two worlds.
Famous Popular Art artists
Leading British Popular Fine art artists included Sir Peter Blake (b. 1932), Patrick Caulfield (1936-2006), Richard Hamilton (b. 1922), David Hockney (b. 1937), and Allen Jones (b. 1937).
In American art, famous exponents of Pop Art included Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008), Jasper Johns (b. 1930), Roy Lichtenstein (1923-97) and Andy Warhol (1928-87). Other American exponents included Jim Dine (b. 1935), Robert Indiana (aka John Clark) (b. 1928), Ray Johnson (1927-95), Alex Katz (b. 1927), Claes Oldenburg (b. 1929), Ed Ruscha (b. 1937), James Rosenquist (b. 1933-2017), and Tom Wesselmann (b. 1931).
Iconic works of Pop Art
Richard Hamilton,Just What Is It That Makes Today's Homes Then Dissimilar, So Appealing?, 1956
Richard Hamilton's collage presents a living room space filled with objects and ideas that, according to Hamilton, were crowding into the post-war consciousness. Cartoon the viewer'southward attention is the figure of a body-architect belongings a giant lollipop with the word 'POP' scrawled on it. Not surprisingly, and so, this collage is often referred to as the first example of Pop Art.
Andy Warhol,Marilyn Diptych, 1962
Warhol's fascination with popular culture and fame led him to produce a great number of screen-prints depicting portraits of celebrities, experimenting with variations in colours and multiplication.
His Marilyn Diptych contains l images of Marilyn Monroe, one-half of which are painted in colour, the other half in black-and-white. The work was completed in the weeks following the actress's death.
Roy Lichtenstein,Whaam!, 1963
Roy Lichtenstein'sWhaam! is a large, two-canvas painting equanimous like a comic volume strip of a rocket explosion in the sky. Lichtenstein was interested in portraying highly charged situations in this especially detached, calculated manner.
Keith Haring,Radiant Baby, 1982
In 1980s New York, Keith Haring turned the subway into his studio. Using chalk, he etched his signature designs onto the walls. One of these was hisRadiant Baby, which to him was one of the purest and most positive human experiences. It became a recurring visual idiom of Haring's throughout the years and is at present considered the artist'south signature tag.
Robert Indiana,Honey, 1967
Born Robert Clark in Indiana, Robert Indiana took his native state's name when he moved to New York in 1954. This type of Pop-inspired fascination for the power of ordinary words was never more than clear than in hisHoneyartworks. Indiana'sHoneyis ane of the virtually well-known images of Pop Art. It was originally conceived equally a Christmas card for The Museum of Modern Fine art in 1965. Since then,Dear has taken the shape of prints, paintings, sculptures, banners, rings, tapestries, and stamps.
Reception by the critics versus the public
While many academics and critics were appalled past the popular artists' use of mundane subject thing and by their manifestly indiscriminate employment of information technology, Pop Art's more figurative and downwardly-to-globe imagery appealed to the general public and would soon become i of the about popular styles of art as well every bit one of the commencement manifestations of postmodernism.
Collecting Pop Fine art
Pop Fine art succeeded in getting through to the full general public in a way that few mod art movements did – or have done since – and art collectors similar it, too. For instance, the painting "False Commencement" (1959) By Jasper Johns sold in 2006, for $80 million: the 9th most expensive piece of work of art in history at that time. The work "Dark-green Car Crash" (1963) (synthetic polymer, silkscreen ink and acrylic on linen) by Andy Warhol sold at Christie's, New York, in 2007, for $71.7 million, making it the 14th highest-priced work of art ever sold at that time. Not bad for a work of depression-brow art.
Relevant sources to larn more
Read more almost Fine art Movements and Styles Throughout History
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Source: https://magazine.artland.com/art-movement-pop-art/
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